評價之概念分析

Appraisal: A Concept Analysis

評價（appraisal）是個體與環境互動過程中，面對事件的認知反應，是經過反覆思考對事件賦予意義，進而審思決定對事件因應之過程，其目的是要藉由因應以求個體的和諧完整。負向評價容易引發負向的情緒取向因應行為，進而影響到生活品質、精神狀態與身體健康。國內外已有諸多學者運用評價概念於其專業領域，但對於「評價」概念卻缺乏完整有系統的分析。因此，本文運用Walker和Avant（1995）所發展的概念分析步驟，對「評價」進行概念分析，在確認此概念的定義性特徵後，依此舉出範例加以說明，也列舉實證性參考資料，期望透過此概念分析後，能增進臨床護理人員對評價概念的正確認識，進而廣泛應用評價於護理專業領域中。

Appraisal is a cognitive response by an individual facing an event within a given environment. When the individual has passed through a thought process that gives the event meaning, the coping process is finally completed. Coping heightens an individual's well-being. Negative appraisal will induce an emotional coping response and affect one's quality of life, mental state and health. Several researchers applied the concept of appraisal to their disciplines. The concept of appraisal, however, is poorly defined. This article applies the methodology outlined by Walker and Avant (1995) to analyze the concept of appraisal. The definition of appraisal, examples, and empirical references provided in this paper will be useful in nursing practice in relation to the role of appraisal in coping.