台灣護理教育之自省與前瞻－－護理人力政策面

Reflections on Nursing Education in Taiwan and Its Prospects from the Perspective of Nursing Manpower Policy

本文內容從學校護理教育與護理職業銜接觀點論述護理人力議題，分析護理人力政策問題，並就護理人力政策問題提出願景與策略規劃。護理人力政策不只是數量的問題，影響護理人力供需因素包括：工作負荷量、工作環境、病人病情複雜度、護理人力照護層次、護理人力組合、成本效益、效果等。在醫療資源中醫事人力是非常珍貴而且重要的資源，是醫療照護「質」與「量」的關鍵因素。近幾年全球已開發國家護理人力嚴重短缺，護理人力問題已經威脅到這些國家當地的醫療照護體系與病人照護品質，因此，引起已開發國家大量引進開發中國家的護士熱潮，造成護理人員大遷移，世界衛生組織及國際護理協會（International Council of Nurses，ICN）等國際組織呼籲各國應加強護理及助產專業之人力政策研議。我國目前雖然沒有護理人員短缺的問題，但是長期以來一直缺乏護理人力資源的管理政策。

The purpose of this paper is to propose a vision and appropriate policy development strategies for nursing manpower in Taiwan. Proposals are grounded in a comprehensive analysis of Taiwan's current nursing manpower policy problems based on the linkages between nursing education and nursing practice. Nursing manpower policy goes beyond concern for simple numbers to include other variables that affect nursing staffs such as workload, work environment, case complexity, skill level, nursing staff mix, and nursing care cost efficiency and effectiveness. Manpower, the most important and precious resource in the medical care system, is the critical factor affecting the system's capacity to deliver appropriate and effective care. In recent years, demand for nurses in developed countries has fallen short of domestic supply, which has raised international nursing migration levels. The International Council of Nurses pursues policy issues related to nursing manpower. Although it has not yet experienced a shortage of nurses, Taiwan still lacks comprehensive policy and management systems governing nursing manpower.