自殺防治策略推動現況與展望

The Strategy and Prospects of Suicide Prevention in Taiwan

自殺防治是當代公共衛生以及心理衛生工作之重要課題，鑒於目前國人自殺死亡率逐年提高，且自殺已連續八年列入國人十大死因之列，行政院衛生署特委託台灣憂鬱症防治協會辦理自殺防治工作，成立全國自殺防治中心。而我國自殺防治策略，與世界其他國家一致，主要分為三個主要層面擬定方案，分別為全面性（universal）、選擇性（selective）與指標性（indicative）策略。全面性自殺防治策略之標的為全體民眾，涵蓋導正媒體報導，宣導「自殺是可以預防的」重要概念，減少致命性物品之可近性、降低自殺與精神疾病的社會污名化程度，促進社會大眾心理健康，以及自殺概況與相關資訊的有效監測。選擇性自殺防治策略以高風險群為對象，包括憂鬱症共同照護體系之推行、精神疾病的早期診斷與有效處置。指標性自殺防治策略主要在於追蹤自殺企圖者，強化偏遠地區之緊急救護能力，以及自殺相關個案管理，以期給予自殺企圖者有效的身心醫療及社會介入措施，以防止其再度試圖自殺。整體而言，自殺防治工作必須能促進各種網絡間「網網相連」之有效功能性連結，以提供完整而持續之關懷服務。透過全民的參與，以及照護系統之整合，多方面提升我國心理衛生與精神醫療，活絡社區支持網絡，落實於以病人為中心、家庭為單位、社區為基礎之全人醫療，並有效對自殺企圖者進行妥善照顧，展現社會文化互助價值與溫暖。

Suicide mortality rates have been steadily rising in Taiwan, and suicide has been among the top ten causes of death for the last consecutive eight years. In response to this situation, the Taiwan Department of Health assigned the Taiwan Association Against Depression the task of setting up the Taiwan Suicide Prevention Center. The mission of the Center, suicide prevention, is advanced by its establishment of efficient networks nationwide capable of delivering related care services. Suicide prevention strategies can be categorized, based on coverage, as universal, selective or indicated interventions. The Center also plans to standardize the national suicide report format and care delivery system, improve mental health service quality, and organize community support networks. It pursues an encompassing health care mechanism model, where clients are considered the first priority, the family a fundamental supporting unit, and the community a solid foundation. The Center will offer a helping hand for individuals who have attempted suicide by maintaining a spirit of positive values and achieving mutual benefits.