國際護理專業之近代發展趨勢

Concurrent Development Trends in the International Nursing Profession

現代護理專業自1860年於南丁格爾女士建立護理學校起奠基，護理發展一直與人類政治、法律、社會、經濟、文化、醫療環境之變遷息息相關，隨著21世紀科技化、網路化、全球化、企業化、女權運動之迅速發展，其對護理發展影響極大，也致使國內外專業發展距離日益縮短，台灣的護理專業因受西方文化發展影響極深，且台灣護理學會自1922年加入國際護理協會（ICN），推動之國際護理學術交流極頻繁，台灣許多護理教育與行政制度之制定、執業標準與教育內容多與國際先進國家相仿，本文藉由分析ICN與美國護理學會（ANA）的發展、願景與未來發展方向中，整合近代國際護理專業發展之趨，期能有助於讀者了解與因應。

The modern nursing profession, established by Florence Nightingale, is influenced by myriad factors that include politics, legislation, societal priorities, advances in medical and computer technologies, and changes in the economic and the medical environments. Nursing profession development in Taiwan is further influenced by western culture through overseas study by scholars and the frequent holding of academic activities. Nursing education, administration and standards of practice in Taiwan are similar to that in western countries. In fact, we can anticipate that the gap that still remains between Taiwan and international nursing development will close during the course of the 21st century. The purpose of this article is to analyze the vision and development of ICN and ANA, the two nursing organizations responsible for keeping Taiwan in step with international nursing profession trends, to help the readers understand concurrent developments in the international nursing profession.