健康信念在產婦參加新生兒聽力篩檢之應用

Applying Health Beliefs to Mothers Who Join in Newborn Hearing Screening

本研究目的主要是以健康信念模式分析產婦之參加新生兒聽力篩檢之行為，以提供日後研究之參考。本研究採前瞻性研究設計，於90年11月至91年4月中旬以自編式結構問卷進行調查得有效樣本653份，回收率68.6%。研究之重要結果如下：（1）研究對象參加新生兒聽力篩檢與否，會因不同背景因素、行動線索的差異而有顯著差異，（2）最能解釋參加新生兒聽力篩檢行為的重要變項為：「新生兒聽力篩檢知識」、「自覺參加新生兒聽力篩檢利益性」，（3）有／無參加篩檢的研究對象在「新生兒聽力篩檢知識」和「自覺參加新生兒聽力篩檢利益性信念」變項，達顯著差異存在；其次在參加新生兒聽力篩檢行為，學歷變項與自覺參加新生兒聽力篩檢障礙性信念，有顯著負相關存在，而與新生兒聽力篩檢知識達顯著正相關。另一方面，「內在行動線索」與「新生兒聽力篩檢知識」兩變項，在參加新生兒聽力篩檢行為的差異情形，均與「自覺參加新生兒聽力篩檢利益性」信念變項，呈顯著正相關，而與「自覺參加新生兒聽力篩檢障礙性」信念變項呈顯著負相關。「外在行動線索」與「資訊來源多寡」兩變項，在參加新生兒聽力篩檢行為的差異情形，均與「自覺參加新生兒聽力篩檢利益性」信念變項呈顯著正相關，（4）分析是否願意參加新生兒聽力篩檢之重要因子方面，發現「內在行動線索」、「新生兒聽力篩檢知識」、「參加新生兒聽力篩檢利益性信念」之指標較具影響力。

This study explores the potential of applying health belief models to studies of mothers who participate in newborn hearing screening (NHS) in order to establish a reference for the future research. The study was designed prospectively, with 653 effective samples enrolled between November 1991 and April 1992 and data collected using a self-constructed questionnaire. The return rate for the questionnaire was 68.6%. Main conclusions include: (1) the decision to participate in newborn hearing screening correlates in a significant manner with potential participant backgrounds and actions clues; (2) ”knowledge of NHS” and ”perceived benefits of action in NHS” were the most important factors in this study associated with NHS participation; (3) subjects who participated in the NHS demonstrated significantly higher scores in ”knowledge of NHS” and ”perceived benefits of action in NHS” than those who did not participate. Significant negative correlation was identified between education level and perceived barriers to joining NHS. Significant positive correlation was observed between education level and NHS knowledge. Also, a significant positive relationship was identified between ”perceived benefits of action in NHS” and both ”clues of inner action” and ”knowledge of NHS”. However, ”perceived barriers to NHS action” was found to share no significant relationship with any of the others. A positive relationship was also identified between ”perceived benefits of action in NHS” and both ”clues of outer action” and ”amount of information resources”; and (4) ”clues of outer action”, ”NHS knowledge”, and ”perceived benefits of NHS action” were found to be the most important indicators affecting study subjects' decision regarding whether or not to join NHS.