國外量表之兩階段翻譯及信、效度測試

A Two-Stage Translation and Test the Validity and Reliability of a Foreign Instrument

研究工具的信、效度檢定是護理研究重要的過程，當使用不同語言及文化所發展的問卷時，更須先有嚴謹的翻譯及審慎過程。每一個量表的發展都有其特定的概念及應用族群，經由完整反覆性的翻譯流程及執行信、效度檢測，方能成為一準確的研究工具並且落實廣泛應用。本文先簡介跨文化對等性研究及翻譯模式後、運用Brislin’s翻譯模式修訂版，克服跨文化之差異，並實際運用國外發展的新研究工具：糖尿病管理自我效能量表為例，說明兩階段設計之翻譯及信、效度流程。翻譯量表兩階段設計包括：第一階段翻譯過程，包括前翻譯、討論會、回覆翻譯及潛在使用者檢視等（Bradley, 1996）；第二階段心理計量分析過程，包括效度及信度測試過程，如此嚴謹過程可發現國外量表在本國應用時遭遇的問題或困難，亦可增加此量表之本土性及適用性。

Examination of the reliability and validity of research tools is an important process in nursing research. As all scales are developed on the basis of a specific set of concepts or application to a specific population, great care must be taken in the translation and handling of questionnaires developed in different languages or, in particular, by people from different cultures. Only after passing through an integral process of repetitive translation and reliability validity examinations can they be regarded as accurate research tools and be widely utilized. This study exercises Brislin's revised Translation Model to overcome cross-cultural differences, and also uses a new research tool developed overseas, the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES), as an example for explaining the two-stage design of the translation and reliability/validity process. The First Stage is the translation stage, which involves forward translation, consensus meetings, backward translation, and review by potential users. The Second Stage involves psychometric analysis, which includes validity and reliability testing. Such careful processes should reveal the problems encountered when adopting foreign scales for domestic use, and thereby increase the ”nativeness” and adaptability of these scales.