危機之概念分析

Crisis: A Concept Analysis

病患及家屬面對突來之疾病衝擊，易陷入危機情境中，而護理人員處於預防及處理病患之危機狀態最佳的照護位置，但此概念在國內護理照護上，尚未獲重視及發展，故本文以Walker和Avant（1995）所提出之方法來進行「危機」之概念分析。本文先廣泛查證此概念的定義及確認出其鑑定性特徵，再以典型、邊緣、相反及相關案例來作說明，並確認其前因後果及討論實證性參考指標。希望藉此概念分析的結果，能增進護理人員對「危機」概念有進一步的認識，並實際運用在臨床照護上。

When patients and their families face the sudden impact of disease, a crisis may ensue. Nursing staff are in the best position to prevent and manage the crisis situation; but, this concept has not been well developed in the nursing field in Taiwan. The purpose of this paper is to apply the methodology outlined by Walker and Avant (1995) to analyze the concept of crisis. The steps include a review of the literature on conceptual definitions of crisis, determining the defining attributes, constructing model, borderline, contrary, and related cases, and identifying antecedents and consequences. Finally, the empirical referents of crisis are explored. it is hoped that this analysis can help nursing staff to gain a better understanding of the concept of crisis and then to apply the knowledge gained to clinical practice.