住院期間母乳哺餵率與醫療機構因子的相關性

The Relationship between In-Hospital Breastfeeding Rates and Hospital Type

本研究目的是探討住院期間母乳哺育率與醫療機構因子的相關性。採描述相關性研究設計，研究母群體為民國92年6月至10月在台灣地區醫療院所生產之婦女，以機率比率抽樣法，依產婦居住地別，分為北區、中區、南區、束區、臺北市、高雄市六區。在婦女產後一個月以郵寄問卷方式進行調查，共回收問卷2,079份。結果發現住院期間之純母乳哺育率為17.9%，母乳與配方奶混合哺餵47%。雙變項分析顯示，在嬰兒親善醫院、醫院層級越高、教學醫院、公立醫院及醫院年出生數越高的醫院生產其母乳哺育率較高。以多變項對數回歸檢驗當控制產婦社會人口學及孕產期因子後，影響住院期間母乳哺餵之醫療機構因子，在總母乳哺餵（混合及純母乳）結果顯示，在嬰兒親善醫院及地區醫院層級以上醫院生產者較會採行母乳哺餵。而在嬰兒親善醫院及教學醫院生產者較會採行純母乳哺餵。本結果可作為政府在醫療資源分佈及醫院推展母乳哺餵計畫政策的參考。

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of hospital environment on breastfeeding rates during maternal hospitalization. This study applied a descriptive correlational design. The study population consisted of mothers who had given birth to infants in the Taiwan area between June and October 2003. A proportional probability sampling method was used. Samples were drawn based on the mother's residence in one of six regions: eastern, central, southern, and northern Taiwan, Taipei City, or Kaohsiung City. The rates of exclusive and mixed breastfeeding during hospitalization were found to be 17.9% and 47%, respectively. Bi-variable analysis showed that higher-level hospitals, certified baby-friendly hospitals, teaching hospitals, hospitals with higher annual birth numbers, and public hospitals all had higher rates of breastfeeding. Logistic regression results demonstrated the positive influence of institutional factors associated with breastfeeding (any and exclusive breatfeeding) when social demographic and perinatal variables were controlled in the model. Baby-friendly and higher-level hospitals had the highest breastfeeding rates. Women who delivered at baby-friendly and teaching hospitals had higher exclusive breastfeeding rates. The results of this research can serve as a reference to the government and medical institutions in relation to efforts to promote breastfeeding.