因應之概念分析

Coping: A Concept Analysis

許多病患在治療過程中，均面臨其生理、心理、社會及靈性等多方面壓力源的影響，而因應（coping）是個體與環境的互動過程中，面對壓力情境時所產生的反應，經由正確認知評估及行為的改變過程，其目的是要控制或解決個人與環境間的壓力源。國內、外已有許多相關文獻及研究探討「因應」對人體本身之健康、疾病所造成的影響，但對於「因應」這個概念卻欠缺完整有系統的分析。本文乃運用walker和Avent （1995）所提出標準的概念分析步驟來進行「因應」的概念分析，以確認此概念的定義鑑定性特徵，並舉出範例加以說明，及列舉實證性參考資料，期望能增進臨床護理人員對此概念有正確的認知，進而應用於護理的專業領域上。

Hundreds of studies have been conducted by nuring researchers on stressors requiring coping. Unfortunately, the concept of coping is poorly defined. This paper presents a conceptual analysis of the phenomenon of coping. Within the classic framework developed by Walker and Avant (1995), coping is analyzed and critical attributes are distilled. A model case, a related case and a contrary case are constructed as conceptual clarity is established. Empirical referents that exemplify the concept of coping are identified. The concept analysis provides a forum for dialectics, offering one defensible interpretation of a complex human occurrence. The implications for nursing are discussed in the conclusion.