健康促進學校－－學校衛生護理的新紀元

Health Promoting Schools: A New Era in School Nursing

健康促進學校是世界衛生組織在1996年提出的學校衛生工作模式，包含六大工作範疇並延續1987年的渥太華宣言「健康城市」的概念，希望將健康促進根植於校園中。本文簡介了國內外健康促進學校的演進，介紹健康促進學校模式，比較傳統學校衛生工作、統整性學校衛生與健康促進學校的異同，歸納學校衛生護理人員在學校健康促進中的角色與功能，包括健康服務的提供者、健康教育的策劃或執行者、健康諮詢者、健康促進活動的主導者，與社區資源的整合者。並提出未來健康促進學校護理工作未來發展趨勢，包括：（一）學校衛生護理人員應進行相關的評價研究（evaluation research），以提出實施成果的具體證據；（二）學校衛生護理工作需要發展標準化的指標；以及（三）教育與健康應能整合於健康促進學校中。

Health promotion schools, introduced by the World Health Organization in 1996, represent a new model for school health. They consist of six working areas, and reflect the spirit of the 1987 Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, which aims to place the foundations of health promotion work in schools. This article introduces the development of health promotion schools, both in Taiwan and overseas, outlines their structure, and compares and contrasts the models represented by traditional school health, integrated school health, and the health promotion schools. The roles of school health nurses are summarized as follows: health service provider, health education initiator, health counselor, leader of health promotion activity and integrator of community resources. Suggestions are made for future development, including: (1) a need to conduct the research, in order to evaluate and provide evidence of outcome effectiveness, (2) a need to establish standardized indicators concerning school health nursing, and (3) Education and health should be integrated in the health promotion schools.