兒童疼痛評估與處置之現況

A Review of Children's Pain Assessment and Management

疼痛是一種非常主觀的感覺，因此只要病童說痛就表示痛。但是針對三歲以下或語言表達能力有限且出現哭鬧不安的兒童，判斷病童是否鬧脾氣或正在經歷疼痛必須仰賴於正確的疼痛評估，進而緩解病童的疼痛。本文主要陳述目前兒童疼痛評估及其疼痛處置的趨勢，也針對兒童疼痛評估的問題提出見解。兒童疼痛評估包含兒童的疼痛經驗史、自我報告疼痛情形、行為評估及生理反應，而疼痛處置包括藥物及非藥物的處置。運用多元化的疼痛處置方式（藥物、認知、行為及生理）來緩解病童的疼痛是絕對必要的。

Pain is a subjective experience, thus, whenever the children stated they are in pain, the pain is existed. In the case of children under 3 years old, however, or those who have difficulty expressing them- selves or controlling their behavior, nurses are required to make a judgment about whether they are just moody or are truly experiencing pain; an accurate assessment must be made before pain relief is administered. To relieve pain is one of the obligations of nurses. The purposes of this paper are not only to describe current trends in children's pain assessment and management in the clinical setting, but also to discuss issues related to pain assessment tools. Pain assessment should include a history of pain experience, self-reported measures, behavioral observation measures and physiological measures. Pain management includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. A multimethod approach for managing children's pain is needed.