我國護理教育的現況與展望

Nursing Education in Taiwan: The Current Situation and Prospects for the Future

護理教育與社會變遷、科技發展息息相關，如何讓護理教育符合社會需求，使護理畢業生在如此快速變遷下，擁有良好的專業知識、態度與技能，並發展專業的敏感度，提供高品質的照護，應是護理界當今最主要的議題。本文從我國護理教育現況談起，指出目前有待改進的問題，包括：學制複雜、護理人力培育供需與質量失衡、培育重點未能配合社會需求及具前瞻性發展、師資素質與師資結構有待提昇，以及課程僵化，畢業生臨床能力無法符合實務界需求等，並引用McBride所提出的國際醫療照護與大學教育的典範轉移，及其預測護理教育界未來將會發生的改變供作參考，最後並提出教育改革的建議，包括：簡化學制、加強護理人力供需與質量均衡發展、培育重點應符合社會需求及具前瞻性發展、突破理論與實務間的落差、提昇畢業生應變能力以及提昇護理教師的課室教學與臨床實務能力，真正將理論與實務結合。並期許發展教師混合角色：即每一護理教師均成為精熟臨床實務，也具傑出研究能力及具卓越領導力的優良教師。

Two factors which have a close bearing on nursing education are social and technological change. How nursing education meets social needs and how nursing students are best equipped with professional knowledge, attitudes, and skills in a rapidly changing society have become important issues. The purposes of this paper are to describe the current state of nursing education and to identify problems that need to be solved, including the complexity of the educational system, the quality and quantity of nursing manpower, the degree of compatibility between the aims of education and future social needs, the quality of nursing educators, courses and course delivery, and the clinical competence of nursing graduates. Based on the paradigm shifts of International Medical Care and higher education described by McBride, several suggestions for future educational reform are proposed, including simplifying the educational system, improving the development of both the quality and quantity of nursing manpower, matching educational aims with future social needs, bridging the gap between theory and clinical practice, promoting both instructional and clinical skills among nursing educators and enhancing the ability of graduates to deal with a contingency strain. It is expected that in order to meet the challenges presented by a rapidly changing society, nursing educators will have to develop a mixed role including clinical proficiency, outstanding research skills, and excellent leadership skills.