精神科護理人員人格堅毅性、因應策略與職業疲潰相關性之探討

The Relationship Between Hardiness, Coping Strategies and Burnout in Psychiatric Nurses

人格堅毅性是指在健康方面具有緩衝壓力作用的人格特質，在健康的領域中常被熱切探討，本研究在探討精神科護理人員人格堅毅性、因應策略和職業疲潰的相關性，以瞭解精神科護理人員的人格堅毅性，發揮有效的因應策略，預防職業疲潰，進而提升護理照顧的品質。本研究採分層隨機抽樣法，對象為台北市區域醫院以上的精神科病房護理人員計147名，以問卷調查法為主，以結構性問卷收集資料。問卷內容含樣本基本屬性量表、人格堅毅性量表、因應策略量表及職業疲潰量表。結果顯示：（一）研究對象多數擁有高程度的人格堅毅性（M=157.84分，SD=18.42），（二）精神科護理人員人格堅毅性與因應策略型態中的面對問題、樂觀式、支持性、自恃性因應策略有統計正相關，（三）人格堅毅性與職業疲潰中「情緒耗竭、乏人性化」具有統計負相關，而與職業疲潰中「個人成就感」具有統計正相關，（四）精神科護理人員因應策略型態中「逃避式因應策略」與職業疲潰中「情緒耗竭」具有統計正相關。而護理人員因應策略三種型態中「 面對問題、樂觀式、自恃性因應策略 」與職業疲潰中「個人成就感」亦具有統計正相關。以上結果可應用於精神科護理領域，有助於瞭解護理人員人格堅毅性特質、因應策略與職業疲潰的相關性，可作為臨床護理實務及護理行政工作之參考。

Hardiness is a personality trait in which the ability to buffer the health related effects of stress is inherent. It has been frequently and enthusiastically investigated in connection with human health. In order to understand hardiness in psychiatric nurses, to prevent burnout, and to enhance the quality of nursing care, this study sought to investigate the relationships between hardiness, burnout and quality of nursing care. One hundred and forty-seven psychiatric nurses were selected in a stratified random sample from the psychiatric units of district hospitals in Taipei City. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and concerned: (1) demographic variables, (2) the Health Related Hardiness Scale, (3) the Jalowiec Coping Scale, and (4) the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The main results indicated that: (l) Most respondents enjoyed high levels of hardiness (M=157.84, SD=18.42); (2) Respondents' levels of hardiness were positively correlated to the use of confrontational coping styles, optimistic coping styles, supportive coping styles and self-reliant coping styles; (3) Levels of hardiness were negatively correlated to emotional exhaustion but positively correlated to personal accomplishment; (4) There was a significantly positive correlation between the evasive coping style and emotional exhaustion; (5) The confrontational, optimistic and self-reliant coping styles were positively correlated to personal accomplishment. The findings of this study should contribute to our understanding of the relationship between hardiness, coping strategies and burnout in psychiatric nurses.