促進高危險性兒童的復原力

Promoting Resilience in At-risk Children

近年來，國內外健康照護體系的重心已從疾病治療轉向健康促進，對於兒童健康問題，也從研究疾病導因延伸至探高危險性環境帶給兒童的不良影響環境中的高危險因子可能會帶給兒童身體或心智發展的障礙，而且常是無法預防或避免的，然而，卻有兒童仍能發展調適技巧及能力來對抗外在的壓力並且正常的發展，我們稱這些兒童為復原力兒童。影響復原力的因素包括個人先天遺傳因素、家庭因素與外在支持系統等。藉由增強兒童復原力的正向因素，促進家庭關係及社會支持網絡，將有助於兒童身心靈的健全發展。本文說明復原力的定義及影響復原力的因素，並闡述護理人員如何在兒童的健康照護中運用復原化照概念。

In the last decade, the main focus of health care systems throughout the world has shifted from treatment for illness to health promotion. Most of the studies related to children's health problems have also begun to explore the negative impact of high-risk environments on children's development. Some environmental high-risk factors may cause psychological and cognitive impairment of children, and it is not always possible to avoid or prevent such factors in children's lives. However, some children have developed skills and abilities to cope with and overcome stress and danger, and these children who can go on to normal development are called “resilient children.” The factors influencing resilience include genetic factors, family factors, and support system factors. Improving the positive factors, promoting family relationship and social support network will help children's normal development. This article introduces the concept of resilience and protective factors. The implications of this concept for nurses in children's health care are also discussed.