實證護理之統合分析

Meta-Analysis in Evidence-Based Nursing

應用實證精神提供更有效的護理措施，已是護理實務工作與護理研究上的趨勢。在針對某個問題收集了多篇實證研究報告後，如何整理歸納出最接近事實真相的結論，是大家所關心的。傳統的文獻整理方式很容易受到個人的見解、偏好、和期待的影響，失之於主觀；同時也容易陷入追求p值＜.05的迷思。統合分析則將一群相關的研究用統計的方法加以統整和分析，再做成綜合性的結論，是一種量化的文獻整理方式。本文除介紹了兩種最基本的統合分析方法，並對統合分析的使用限制及應用時該做的準備加以說明外，也將一些容易誤解的統計觀念一併釐清。

After reviewing a number of evidence-based research papers regarding a certain issue, we would be concerned about how to reach a conclusion that is the closest to the truth. The traditional literature review approach tends to be influenced by personal prejudice and perspective, and thus may be more susceptible to subjective judgments. In addition, people often fall into the trap of pursuing p value ＜ .05. An alternative approach, metaanalysis, uses statistical procedures to integrate findings from a collection of studies and form a synthetic conclusion. This article introduces the basic concepts and statistical procedures of meta-analysis, and reminds readers about the preparation for and the limitations of using meta-analysis. Some statistical concepts that are easily misunderstood are also clarified.