日本漢文小說《夜窗鬼談》、《東齊諧》對鬼怪的後設書寫－－與《聊齋誌異》、《閱微草堂筆記》的比較分析

Meta-fictional Descriptions of Ghosts in Yechuang Guitan and Dong Qi Xie in Comparison with Liaozhai Zhiyi and Yuewei Caotang Biji

從六朝興盛的志怪小說，至清代承襲創新的神鬼小說，各有紀實或抒情等不同的書寫方式，也展現對於神鬼之說或認同或質疑等看法，至於小說作者對於世人如何審視鬼神與描述鬼神等認知現象，則少見反省。及至此類鬼怪小說傳至日本，其小說作家於模擬創作之同時，對於寫作態度與鬼怪認知，反而有較多元的論述。是以本文藉由分析日本明治時期儒學文人石川鴻齋（いしかわ こうさい，1832-1918）《夜窗鬼談》與《東齊諧》之鬼怪觀點與相關書寫現象，期以理解鬼怪小說作者對於鬼怪觀點之反省，並對照中國志怪小說之寫法，以凸顯其中之後設特徵與意義。

This paper aims to analyze perceptions of the supernatural phenomena in Yechuang guitan (夜窗鬼談Telling Ghost Stories by the Window at Night) (1889) and Dong qi xie (東齊諧The Ghost Story) (1894), written by Japanese writer Ishikawa Kousai石川鴻齋(1832-1918). This analysis emphasizes the meta-fictional descriptions of this novel by comparing them with the writing characteristics of the Chinese ghost novels Liaozhai zhiyi聊齋誌異and Yuewei caotang biji (閱微草堂筆記Notes on a Minutely Observed Thatched Hut).