二十世紀初日治臺灣和美屬菲律賓的農業知識交流──以臺灣新式牧牛業為例

The Circulation of Agro-Knowledge between Japanese-Ruled Taiwan and the U.S.-Controlled Philippines in the Early 20th Century: Cattle Husbandry as a Case Study

本文以二十世紀初日治臺灣和美屬菲律賓兩地農業試驗、研究機關間的知識交流為例，說明殖民地間的科學知識生產與流通。殖民科學的發展已被認為是近代科學知識建立和傳播的重要一環，既有文獻多以單一帝國為主軸探討知識的增進，但常忽略知識的跨帝國網絡交流，尤其是新興帝國－－日本與其他歐、美帝國間的互動。本研究以牧牛業為例，說明臺菲之間的互動主要在種畜提供、牲畜疫病防治等面向。此關係的產生及其主動型態，深受兩地環境相似性和地理鄰近性的影響。整體而言，雖然殖民初期的臺灣對美領下的菲律賓農業知識借鏡或技術輸入頗甚，呈現較不均衡的交流型態，但是臺灣新式牧牛業的發展，正凸顯出本研究強調知識生產和交流之跨帝國（美、日）及多重網絡（夏威夷、菲律賓及臺灣）的論點。

This article aims to explore the exchange of agro-knowledge between two colonies-Taiwan under Japanese rule and the Philippines under U.S. rule-by examining the activities of their agricultural experiment stations and research institutes in the early 20th century. The progress of colonial science has been seen as playing a significant role in the production and circulation of scientific knowledge in the modem era. In terms of enhancement of colonial knowledge, this article attempts to emphasize interactions among different empires rather than within respective empires. Accordingly, the so-called inter-empire network and its practices are discussed through the Japanese-American knowledge system. The network was constituted locally by the Japanese colonial government's Agricultural Experiment Station and the American colonial government's Philippine Bureau of Agriculture. Using the cattle industry as an example, this article explores interactions between Taiwan and the Philippines chiefly in terms of breeding stock provision and livestock disease prevention. The products and subtle interactions of this relationship were deeply influenced by environmental similarities and geographical adjacency. Overall, early colonial Taiwan imported considerable agricultural knowledge and technology that had been developed in the U.S.-controlled Philippines, which created an imbalanced circulation of knowledge between the two. Despite this, however, the development of Taiwan's innovative cattle industry highlights this article's thesis, which emphasizes the role of inter-empire (U.S.-Japan) production and exchange of knowledge, and of the triumvirate of Hawai'i, Japanese colonial Taiwan, and American colonial Philippines.