渡邊蒙菴《詩傳惡石》對朱熹《詩集傳》之批判－－兼論其對古文辭學派《詩經》觀之繼承

Criticism of Zhu Xi's 'Shiji Zhuan' in Watanabe Moan's 'Shiden-Aku Seki' and a Discussion of the Kobunzi Gakuha's Views on the 'Book of Odes'

本文論述了日本江戶時代學者渡邊蒙菴，以《詩經》是一部詩選、詩道人情、鄭詩非淫詩、詩無定義不為典要、古註完備等觀點，批評朱熹的「勸懲」說、「詩淫」說、疑經改經態度、以理學解《詩》的方法，而主張《詩集傳》不該稱「傳」應自謙稱「注」。本文除了究明蒙菴批判朱熹的立場之外，同時也論及荻生徂徠及太宰春臺等古文辭學派學者對朱熹《詩集傳》多所質疑與批判等相關看法，而歸結出古文辭學派學者大多有挾漢儒去古未遠之勢，以制朱熹新註之說的傾向，及古文辭學派學者雖欲將詩去經化，使之文學化，但卻更凸顯出其對詩的功能政治化的期待。透過本文的分析有助於深入理解蒙菴反朱熹《詩集傳》立場及古文辭學派《詩經》學發展。

Watanabe Moan's views on the ”Book of Odes” are that it is an anthology of poems e pressing human emotion, with no fixed meaning; that the ode, of Zheng 鄭 are not immoral; that the ancient commentaries are complete. Such views pose dire ct challenges to Zhu Xi 朱熹, who believes that while some of the odes are didactic, others are immoral; who doubts and even emends some of the ode s; and who interprets them his own way. According to Watanabe, Zhu Xi's commentary should not be classified as a ”zhuan” ”傳 tradition,” but more modestly as a ”zhu” ”注 commentary.” This study also discusses Kobunzi Gakuha 古文辭學派 scholars' views on the ”Odes” and criticisms of Zhu Xi, concluding that they use Han dynasty scholars' closeness to antiquity a an argument for containing Zhu's novel theories. Though they try to de-canonize the ode and understand them as literary works, they reveal a desire for them to also serve a political function.