禮治與正名－－論儒家對於政治正當性之倫常奠基的道德文法學構想

The Rule of the Rites and the Doctrine of the Rectification of Names: The Moral Grammar of Confucian Political Legitimacy Based on the Order of Human Relationships

本文將透過儒家禮治與西方民主法治國理念的對比，指出儒家係基於關懷倫理的道德差等性與忠恕之道的可普遍化判斷，而以人倫差等、平天下的世界主義與團結和諧的社會整合，做為其政治哲學的核心理念。透過對於孔子正名論的溝通理論解讀，本文也將指出，儒家對於政治正當性的倫常奠基，實即透過禮治的社會立憲，將客觀規範的共識建構過程，建立在言行舉止的道德文法表達中。

This paper illustrates the core concepts of Confucian political philosophy by comparing Confucius's idea of the rule of the rites with the Western concept of a democratic state under the rule of law. Interpreting Confucius's doctrine of the rectification of names as a theory of communicative action, the author explores the foundation of Confucian political legitimacy in the order of human relationships, viewed in this paper as being the moral grammar of a form of social constitutionalism. This interpretation allows us to explain how Confucius justifies political legitimacy in a ritual society.