宋代士大夫歌詞特質形成之內在動因與歷史心理－－以歐陽修詞「互見」與「艷情」問題為中心

The Motivation and Historical Mentality behind Song Literati Ci Poetry: Intertextuality and Eroticism in the Ci of Ouyang Xiu

歐陽修歌詞創作的「互見」與「艷情」之問題，通過傳統的文獻考辨並不能得到有效之解決：而這一「文獻困境」本身關涉著「詞學」的重大問題，即宋代士大夫歌詞之內在特質。本文認為，決定宋代士大夫歌詞創作的內在特質主要有兩大因素：「詞境遷移」與「歷史心理」。前者為文學自身演進過程中的文本呈現，而後者則決定著宋代士大夫歌詞獨異面目之形成。本文通過文本細讀並借用史學考證與思想史研究之方法，以歐陽修詞為研究個案，從「詞境遷移」的視角證明他與前代詞人馮延巳歌詞創作的「互見」問題是由「詞境」的具體構成所決定：而他的歌詞創作所獨具之風格特徵則與其間蘊藏著的「歷史心理」密切相關：進而在兩者的結合點關照其「艷情」詞創作，並通過歌詞這一載體，抽繹出歐陽修內心轉變的歷史印記。

The questions of intertextuality and eroticism in Ouyang Xiu's 歐陽修 (l007-1073) ci 詞 poetry cannot be satisfactorily resolved by means of traditional textual research. However, this touches upon a major topic in ci studies, namely, the question of the innate qualities of the poetry written by Song dynasty literati. This paper proposes that there arc two major factors involved: an evolution of poetic conception and an historical mentality. The former refers to the changing diction of the poetry in the process of literary evolution itself, while the latter informs the formation of its unique style. This study uses close textual reading and draws on research into historical texts and intellectual history to demonstrate that the question of intertextuality between Ouyang Xiu's ci poetry and the poetry of an earlier poet. Feng Yansi 馮延巳 (903-960), can be resolved by considering the formation and evolution of their poetic conceptions. There is a close correlation between the features of the idiosyncratic style of Ouyang's poetry and the historical mentality expressed therein; indeed, the question of his erotic poetry can be resolved in this framework.