從「搜奇獵異」到「休明之化」──由朱之蕃看晚明中韓使節文化書寫的世界圖像

The Worldview of Late Ming Envoys to Korea in Zhu Zhifan's Writings

明清時期東亞諸國（至少包括朝鮮、日本、琉球、越南諸國）相互之間的詩賦外交，前賢著意已夥。但仍有些許問題有待進一步釐清：（一）外交詩賦在美學形式與意境、內涵有無特出之處？（二）外交詩賦與當時詩學主張有無某種程度的互動關係？（三）外交詩賦既然與異國經驗有關，是否某種程度反映了異國情趣與「自我／他者」相互觀看的視角。（四）外交詩賦既然是政體交通的副產品，公然相當程度的反映了政治體制、價值觀念以及世界圖像等各方面的特性，而此應該也是外交詩賦有別於其他作品的分野所在。本文將以晚明冊封使朱之蕃為中心，兼及張寧、祁順與其他使臣，勾勒近世東亞使節文化書寫的可能意涵，檢視明清詩學與東亞諸國的互動方式與流衍軌跡，並以此為基礎，省思重寫文學史的可能性。

The use of poetry in diplomacy between East Asian countries (at least between Korea, Japan, Okinawa, and Vietnam) during the Ming and Qing dynasties has been well documented by past scholars. However, some issues have yet to be clarified: (1) Can diplomatic poetry he said to have any special characteristics in terms of aesthetic form, mood, and content? (2) Is there any degree of interaction between diplomatic poetry and contemporary views on poetics? (3) Since diplomatic poetry concerns experience with foreign countries, does it to any degree reflect perspectives of foreign exoticism and the mutual observation of self/other? (4) Since diplomatic poetry is a byproduct of communication between political systems, it should, to a certain extent, reflect characteristics such as forms of government, political values, and worldview, and this is where diplomatic poetry differs from other types of work. Focusing on the late-Ming envoy Zhu Zhifan朱之蕃, and also other envoys such as Zhang Ning張寧 and Qi Shun祁順, this paper outlines the possible implications of the writings of modern East Asian envoy culture, in order to investigate the interaction and spread of Ming-Qing poetics between the countries of East Asia. At the same time, on this basis, we reflect on the possibility of rewriting literary history.