傳統佛寺的近代轉型：民國泰縣光孝寺培安和尚個案研究

The Modern Transformation of a Traditional Buddhist Temple: The Case of Abbot Peian of Guangxiao Monastery in Tai County during the Republican Period

民國時期江蘇泰縣光孝寺培安和尚在擔任住持一職時遭到起訴、驅逐、拘捕，最後突然圓寂。被選為繼任者的常惺法師其後對光孝寺進行了大力改革。培安的案件除了散於各處的零星紀錄外，鮮有專門之研究。本文搜集政府檔案、彼時的報紙、佛教期刊、地方志、個人文集及回憶錄等材料，希望能夠以之為基礎，釐清此一個案的來龍去脈；繼而展現在晚清至近代社會和佛教變革的背景下，在與各級政府、鄉紳居士以及各派僧人的複雜關係網絡中，地方重要的佛寺及其住持所經歷的各種具體轉變。同時，從培安和尚的個案中，亦可以看到近代佛教發展脈絡中的寺廟財產之問題、僧人與居士的關係之問題、佛教與政府的關係之問題，以及不同僧人的派別和矛盾之問題。要言之，藉由對此案件的探究考察，希冀可以更加瞭解地方社區中宗教網絡的運作過程，以及近代社會變革下中國佛教發展的面貌。

Master Peian served as the abbot of Guangxiao monastery in Tai County, Jiangsu Province from early years of the Republican period. But he was sued by local gentry, expelled by the local government, arrested by policemen in Shanghai, and finally died unexpectedly in the early 1930s. Master Changxing was elected as his successor and reformed the temple after Peian's death. This article clarifies the facts of the case based on Buddhist newspapers, periodicals, gazetteers, archival materials, and monks' memoirs and other writings, to trace how the abbot was replaced and an important traditional Buddhist temple was transformed in the context of social and Buddhist reforms. The case highlights the different roles played monks, lay Buddhists, local gentry, and officials in the transformation of a county temple. This article emphasizes such issues as the disposition of temple property, tensions between clergy and laity, negotiations between Buddhists and governments, and the division and unity of different types of monks, which are all crucial to the history of modern Buddhism. Thus this case allows us not only to learn more about how religious networks functioned in a local community, but also to seek a better understanding of modern Chinese Buddhism from a local perspective.