人因性危害預防效益個案研究

A Case Study of Effectiveness in Prevention of Ergonomic Hazards

肌肉骨骼疾病為我國目前最常見之職業疾病，各國學者專家多將肌肉骨骼疾病議題納入職業衛生領域研究及發展重點之一，我國職業安全衛生法於2013年7月修正公布，而2013年11月25日公告之勞工安全衛生法施行細則，說明雇主對重複性作業等促發肌肉骨骼疾病之工作環境需採取預防措施，而預防措施包含分析作業內容、確認人因性危害因子等，而瞭解肌肉骨骼疾病勞工之人因性危害因子可以協助擬定合宜的政策和預防措施。國內勞工因為工作所引起的肌肉骨骼疾病非常嚴重，學界普遍認為因工作所引起的肌肉骨骼疾病有五個主要成因：過度施力、高重複動作、振動、低溫、以及不良的工作姿勢。這五個成因之中只有不良的工作姿勢比較容易改善，而其餘的四個成因則難以輕易改變。工作姿勢不良，容易造成頸、肩、腰、腕等關節部位的痠痛、疲勞以及疾病。要消除這些痠痛、疲勞、疾病，可以採行人因工程的技術來改善工作場所設施及環境，讓勞工得以採行最自然而且省力的機能工作姿勢。本文利用人因工程改善技術，改善工作現場姿勢不良的問題，並以Key Indicators Method(KIM)關鍵指標法加以驗證改善效益，結果顯示物料混合作業改善案例，肌肉骨骼疾病危害風險值有明顯的下降，物料混合作業風險等級由3級降為2級，大幅降低了人員罹患肌肉骨骼疾病的風險。

Musculoskeletal disorders is most common occupational disease in Taiwan, many scholars and researchers in many countries have recognized the issue of musculoskeletal disorders as one of research and development focus areas in occupational health. An amendment of Occupational Safety and Health Act passed in July 2013, and the amendment of draft of Labor Safety and Health Law Enforcement Rules, announced on Nov. 25, 2013, indicating that employers should take preventive strategies for the workplaces with workers suffered from suspected musculoskeletal disorders triggered from repetitive cumulative jobs. The possible strategies include analyzing job content or process and identifying ergonomic factors, etc. Furthermore, Understanding the ergonomic factors for workers with musculoskeletal disorders could be helpful to decide the policy and preventive methods. The work-related musculoskeletal disorders resulting from the heavy working cause significantly productivity loss in Taiwan. Awkward posture is the predominant risk factor of WMSDs (including over-exertion, high repetition, prolonged exposure, cold and vibration). This awkward posture may bring aches to the neck, shoulder, waist, wrist and other joint.,It may also lead to tiredness and illness of labor. This study used the techniques of ergonomicintervention to improve the bad posture in workplace. Key Indicators Method (KIM) was applied to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. The results showed that risk of material mixing was reduced to level 2 from level 3. In General, the WMDs risk of invervented material mixing cases were significantly improved in workplace.