應用台灣防疫歷史資料庫探討疫苗介入後傳染病之發展趨勢

A Study Using Taiwan Health Statistics Data to Analyze the Trend of Communicable Disease Prevention after Vaccination Intervention

傳染病的發展快速且變化難以被掌握，因此在防疫策略上應該講求資訊透明，以便幫助民眾瞭解有關防疫的訊息並與防疫單位配合；本研究試以收集台灣傳染病之歷史資料，彙整各項傳染病之病例數與死亡數與其疫苗接種之人次，以Excel樞紐分析表來呈現，以年代及人數作為座標軸，病例數及死亡數則以長條圖呈現，疫苗接種人數則以每千人單位之曲線圖表示，以此展現傳染病的發展與疫苗介入後的關係；圖表結果顯示天花在疫苗介入後下降幅度最為明顯，小兒痲痺在1943年政府執行使用統一預防接種紀錄卡，督促幼童接種小兒麻痺疫苗後，可看出其大幅度的改善，其他如日本腦炎、白喉也可以顯著看出疫苗介入厚的變化，但在結核病的部份預防接種的成效較不明顯；期望可以藉由一目了然的分析表，來幫助瞭解預防接種與傳染病之關係以及各項法定傳染病之發展。

The development of communicable diseases changes rapidly and sometimes prevails to complicated situations in control. Therefore, it is an important vaccination strategy emphasizing transparency of information to help people understand the disease prevention messages and cooperate with health authorities. This study tried to collect historical data related to communicable diseases in Taiwan. We not only summarized the number of cases and deaths from contagious diseases with vaccinations of person-time frequencies but also used the graphic charts for the presentation. The bar chart displayed the number of cases and death using the years and persons as coordinate axes. The curve diagram displayed the vaccine inoculation number of places per thousand to observe the relationship between communicable diseases evolution and the implementation of vaccination policies. We conducted Excel PivotTable for all analyses. The trend had a dramatic decline after smallpox vaccine launched in 1946. In addition, we noticed a great improvement in polio case numbers as well as in Japanese encephalitis, diphtheria after the government introduced a unified vaccination record card in 1943 and urged mass immunizations among children. However, the results from tuberculosis vaccination were less obvious. This study uses elucidated charts, which can be done at a glance to examine the relationship between the vaccination policies and prevention of contagious diseases with the development of various statutory contagious diseases.