護理人員排班程式設計與實作

Nurse Rostering Programs Design and Implementation

護理人員排班是每位護理長每月需面臨的問題，而輪值班表是否符合需求，攸關護理服務的品質與人員工作的士氣。因此，設計護理人員排班軟體是相當實用與重要的課題，實作電腦軟體，產生有效率與限制滿足程度高之護理人員排班表，此即本研究之目的。就國內醫院而言，因為護理人員需求與約班方式不同，很難直接導入國內外的護理人員排班糸統，護理人員排班仍多採用人工方式進行。因此，我們希望研究護士需求與約班方式的差異，運用回溯法、分而治之法、爬山法等演算法設計技巧，實作護理人員排班程式，並以中部某醫學中心的實際資料作測試，與人工排班表比較發現，在違反限制次數及夜班與休假天數的變異數上，程式排班優於人工排班，另外，程式可以直接讀取約班表，有助於快速得到排班的優良可行解。本研究結果顯示，運用爬山法與回溯法有助於護理人員排班之應用。

Nurse rostering is a problem faced by every head nurse every month. Whether shift tables are arranged according to capabilities of nurses and their demands are matters regarding quality of nursing service, patient's safety and morale of personnel at work. Thus, the design of nurse rostering software is a practical and important issue. To realize computer software to create an efficient and highly satisfying nurse rostering is the objective of this study. For domestic hospitals, because of differences in shifts, demands and arrangements, it is difficult to introduce directly domestic and foreign rostering systems. Therefore, nurse rostering in the country is mostly done manually. We hope to understand the differences in arrangements and demands of nurses to apply algorithmic designing skill such as hill-climbing method, Divide-and-conquer and backtracking in realizing nurse rostering programs and conduct tests using actual data from a medical center located at the midland. We found that program rostering was better than manual rostering when we went against variances of limited times and night shifts and days on leave. Furthermore, rostering program can come up with a nurse rostering in approximately 10-20 minutes, which is also better than manual rostering. In addition, the program can read the shift tables directly, allowing good feasibility of fast access. The results indicate that hill-climbing method, Divide-and-conquer and backtracking designing skills are beneficial for the application of nurse rostering. For the convenience of users, shift table presentation and self-trimming in the operation of system will be strengthened in the fiiture to enhance system practicability and increase flexibility of operation for users.