頭痛的中醫治療

Chinese Medicine for Treatment of Headache

依據國際頭痛協會的分類標準，血管性頭痛包含偏頭痛、緊張性頭痛、叢集性（即夜間陣發性）頭痛及與結構組織無關的各種雜類頭痛。病因尚不清楚，可能與內分泌失調、（變態）反應或（組織胺）過敏反應有關，人群發病率為5～15%，女性略多於男性，可因月經來潮、精神緊張、過度疲勞等因素誘發，30歲以下青年發病率有增加趨勢。臨床上依本病特徵表現，可歸屬在中醫學「頭風」、「頭痛」、「偏頭風」等範疇，其病因病機可概括為外傷頭痛、外感六淫之邪或內傷七情、勞倦、飲食等，導致臟腑、經絡、氣血功能失調，形成氣滯血瘀、痰濁痺阻腦絡、清竅不利清陽不升而發病。治以疏風化痰、活血袪瘀或調補氣血、肝腎脾胃等為常用大法。

With the classification standard of International Headache Society (HIS), vascular headache includes hemicrania, tension-type headaches, cluster (paroxysmal) headache and other kinds of non-organic headaches. We don't know for certain what causes these headaches. Majority of them are related to endocrine dyscrasia, allergy and histamine-induced allergic reactions. These headaches are associated with incidence rate 5~15%, females more than males. Menstrual cycle, excessive tiredness and mental stress could result in more appearance of these headaches in women compared to men. There is a trend of incidence increasing in the youth under the age of 30. According to the clinical presentation, they belong to the scopes of head wind disease, headache and wind migraine in tradition Chinese medicine. The causes and mechanism include the functional disturbance of channels and collaterals, qi and blood stasis, phlegm-turbid obstructing brain-collateral stasis, clear yang failing to bear upward and clear consciousness difficulty due to post-traumatic headache, evil qi from external contraction of the six excesses, internal injury caused by the seven emotions, tiredness and diet. The TCM treatment of headache focuses on expelling wind, dissolving phlegm, improving blood circulation, removing blood stagnation, enhancing blood circulation, liver, kidney, spleen and stomach.