失眠的預防與治療

Prevention and Treatment of insomnia in Traditional Chinese Medicine

失眠是一種現代人十分普遍的睡眠障礙，是指入睡困難、睡眠不深、易驚醒、自覺多夢、早醒、醒後不易入睡、醒後感到疲乏或缺乏清醒感、白天嗜睡等，患者常對失眠感到焦慮和恐懼，嚴重時還可能影響到其工作的精神效率或白天的社會功能。睡眠障礙是由於各種原因引起的人體睡眠和覺醒機制失常，從而造成以睡眠不足為主要表現的一系列與睡眠和覺醒狀態有關的疾病。引起失眠的原因有軀體因素，如疼痛、搔癢、咳嗽、喘息、夜尿、嘔吐等；環境因素，如生活習慣的改變、更換住所、聲音嘈雜、光線刺激等；生物藥劑因素，如濃茶、咖啡、興奮劑、戒斷反應等，或是其他神經精神疾病所引起。以上統稱之為續發性失眠症。但最常見的原因是精神緊張、興奮、焦慮、恐懼、擔心失眠所致，又稱之為原發性失眠症。本病屬於中醫學之『不寐』、『不得眠』、『目不瞑』、『不得臥』等範疇。

The insomnia was a very popular disturbance of sleeping in modern people. The syndrome of insomnia were hard sleeping, difficult deep sleeping, sleep lightly, dreamful, mid-night awaken, hard sleeping after awaken, tired after awaken and go into sleeping in the day time. The patients were usually suffer from anxiety and terrified and might be induce disturbance of normal social function and working efficacy maintain on the serious situation. Sleeping disturbance was caused by many reasons then leading into abnormal physiology of sleep and awaken and produced a series diseases concern with situation of sleeping and awaken. There were many reasons induced insomnia such as physical body, environmental factors, biomedical drugs and other nervous psychosis. The frrst reason including pain, itching, cough, asthma, urine midnight, vomiting and the secondary reason including changes of residence and life habits, sound noised, light stimulate the last reason including condensed tea, coffee, stimulant, eliminate reaction, or other nervous psychosis. Above all the diseases were called secondary insomnia. On the other hand, the most reasons that induce insomnia in clinic included nervous, exciting, anxiety, terrified, worried insomnia and these diseases were called primary insomnia. Insomnia was claimed Bu Mai, Bu Do Mein, Mo Bu Mein, and Bu Do Wo. that these disorders belong to the field in the books of Traditional Chinese medicine.