談漢語蒙受結構的分流現象

On Split Affectivity in Chinese

本文從生成語法和製圖理論的角度來考察漢語方言中蒙受結構的分流現象：以「與」、「分」為代表的蒙受標記往往也有允讓、被動及與格等用法；以「共」、「同」為代表的蒙受標記則含括了受益、目的和處置等一系列從伴同關係發展出來的用法。我們認為前者跟Hale & Keyser(2002) 所提出「終端遇合」的概念相契合，而後者則應歸類為「中央遇合」的衍生關係。本文的研究顯示這兩類蒙受用法雖然在北方官話中合流，在南方方言中卻是涇渭分明；這個現象可以用兩者既同源又分流的語法化路徑來解釋，其動因不單和前述「終端遇合」、「中央遇合」的對立有關，更植基於施用結構的層系句法特質及其詮釋機制。

This paper deals with a split of affectivity in Chinese dialects from the perspective of generative syntax: give-affectives sport permissive, passive and dative construals, whereas with-affectives garner comitative-oriented usages such as benefactive, goal, and disposal throughout the historical development. We propose to relate the former to the notion of“terminal coincidence＂, and the latter to that of “central coincidence” in Hale & Keyser’s(2002) sense. Our study shows that, despite the apparent unified construals of gei ‘give’ in Mandarin, the main difference between the two types of affectives lies in their distinct routes of grammaticalization owing to the terminal-central dichotomy, as well as the interpretive mechanism of applicative syntax under the Cartographic Approach.