當國土規劃遇上原住民族權利

When the Territorial Law Encounters Indigenous Rights

立法院在2015 年底通過『國土計畫法』，我們關注的應該是該法是否會侵犯到『原住民族基本法』所保障的土地權、以及自治權。照說，『國土計畫法』與『原基法』應該可以發揮相輔相成功能。問題是，『國土計畫法』所要管理、或保護的是土地，而『原基法』所要保障的是原住民族，兩者法律適用優先順序，目前還不明朗。然而『原基法』之下的『原住民族自治區法』及『原住民族土地及海域法』尚未完成立法，無法配套同步進行。制度設計往往會有路徑倚賴效果，一旦上路就很難改弦更張，恐有後者法令遷就前者的遺憾。

The Legislative Yuan passed the Territorial Law in 2015. We are concerned whether rights to lands and to self-rule protected under the Indigenous Peoples Basic Law may be encroached. Originally, the Territorial Law is designed to complement the Indigenous Peoples Basic Law. However, since the former is intended to manage and protect lands while the latter is to protect the Indigenous Peoples, it is not clear what priority will be taken if conflicts occur. As the Indigenous Self-rule Bill and the Indigenous Lands and Seas Bill are still pending, we don’t expect the Territorial Law would be reconciled to the two bills as path dependency is usually the rule in law-making here.