說「逑」字及其相關問題

On the Word “Qiu”and Some Related Questions

本文以「 （逑）」部件為主軸，梳理此字被釋出的歷程，從中討論歷來學者說法的異同，並於學者已有的考釋基礎上，聯繫車輪製作、紡織圖，認為此字與車輪相關，主要刻劃車輻「勼（聚集）」於車轂之形。進而分析逑字從金文至楚簡的字形部件變化，最後因為與「來」產生混同，於是楚簡便以形符的沿用、改換與增構等方式予以區別。文中並針對「 （逑）」部件相關的古文字做梳理，認為甲骨卜辭「 」為「鵠」，屬於水鳥；金文的「逑」、「即」主要體現臣子對君王的關係，強調臣子能夠讎配無違。

Centering on the word “ (Qiu),” this article seeks to illustrate how the word was invented and draw a comparison of different scholarly interpretations on it. Based on related textual studies and by reference to the illustration of textile, this article argues that the word was related to wheels. The word may be used to (1) describe the convergence of spokes at a hub; or (2) refer to the top of a carriage, which also means convergence. This article then analyzes the evolution of the word “Qiu” from its appearance on the bronze inscriptions to Chu slips. To avoid confusion with the word “Lai” in Chu slips, the character of “Qiu” was modified into a graphic symbol. This article also discusses some ancient words related to “Qiu.” It argues that the oracle bone inscription “ ” referred to “tundra swan,” and the bronze inscriptions “Qiu” and “Ji” primarily embodied a subject’s relation to his monarch, that is, the subject must carry out his obligation.