二二八事件與國民黨政府在臺權力之鞏固

228 Incident and the Power Consolidation of the KMT Government in Taiwan

傳統中國統治者對處理反叛事件，係以「鞏固權力」為出發點，縱使以不具正當性的「暴力」行之也在所不惜；徵諸中國歷史，暴力鎮壓所造成的人命傷亡對中國統治者而言並非鮮事。因此，二二八事件放置於中國歷史上來看，或許並非特例，但以民主化後的臺灣主體思維者觀之，恐怕難以忍受這場悲劇被淡然看待。近年來，國民黨政府官方曾以「官逼民反」為此定調，淡化其中的省籍族群衝突成分固然可以理解，惟掩飾鎮壓下之屠殺暴行的企圖實為昭然。直探事件本源，主因是權力不對等下，統治者對反抗者的武裝鎮壓，並蓄意清剿臺灣人菁英，以確保其政權；由於其中摻雜臺灣與中國今昔微妙的對應關係，使得「外來政權」、「省籍」、「族群」等浮面現象，有時凌駕於事件本質之上，不但窄化二二八的意義，也容易失焦。事實上，若鎖定中國統治集團對鞏固「權力」的迷戀與不惜代價，從其政權「價值（確保在臺權力地位）」，到展示權力的「平變機制（武裝軍事力量）」與「策略手段（先鎮後撫再株連）」為觀察點，並導入「統治者決策變遷」之過程──「從妥協到強硬」、「從地方有限武力到中央軍隊入臺」、「從血腥殘酷到表示寬容」──則很多對「中國性」本質的迷思就可豁然開朗。

Traditionally Chinese rulers took the 'power consolidation' principle to deal with the revolts, even if using violence. Violent repression is very common in Chinese history, so the 228 Incident was not a special event. However under the historical view of the Taiwan subjectivity, may not accept the frosty attitude after Taiwan democratization. KMT government official had attempted to define 228 Incident in order to cover up the violence massacres. Actually if focusing on the addiction of power of the Chinese rulers, maybe we can learn more about the essences of power in China. This article attempts to discuss the core of what the challenges and threats KMT face, and How to deal with the crisis in order to consolidate Taiwan power in the 228 Incident. Through the analysis of the power operation and rulers rhetoric, we can comprehend the ruling attitudes of KMT government in the 228 Incident.