植栽季節變化組合對道路使用者偏好之影響

Influence of Different Planting Combinations with Seasonal Change on Road Users’ Preference

道路綠化效益除具有軟化都市單調疲乏感之外，尚具有使道路使用者心情愉悅之效益，國內行道樹過去多以種植經濟或生長快速之樹種為主，直至近年道路環境之生態多樣性、行道樹之適地適性、視覺美等層面漸漸被重視，開始許多探討偏好之研究，期藉此改善並提升環境品質。因此，本研究之目的在了解道路使用者對不同植栽季節變化組合之偏好。本研究採電腦模擬與問卷調查，以植栽組合「同一樹種無季節變化」、「同一樹種有季節變化」及「不同樹種有季節變化」；速度「40km/hr」、「60km/hr」及環境背景「都市」、「鄉村」之組合，利用「電腦繪圖及3D 模型技術」製作動畫影片，並以李克特量表評量受測者之偏好，研究對象為臺灣地區景觀系學生，共計獲得463份有效樣本。研究結果顯示，無論環境背景、速度為何，「同一樹種有季節變化」之偏好度最高，意即用路人最偏好整齊並具有季節變化之單一樹種。「都市」環境中「同一樹種有季節變化」及「不同樹種有季節變化」較受偏好，但「鄉村」環境中則以「同一樹種有季節變化」較受偏好。因此建議都市地區行道樹之配置可增加季節及植栽種類之變化性；鄉村地區則以具季節性之單一樹種配置手法為原則；從速度的影響而言，研究結果顯示，在60km/hr，不同環境背景與植栽組合對偏好無顯著影響，時速40km/hr 則以鄉村之道路景觀背景較受偏好。

Street trees’ species were usually economic or fast-growing in Taiwan. Until recent years, the ecological diversity of street trees, suitable land and nature for street trees and the visual aesthetics of road environment have been considered gradually. Therefore, there are many studies starting to explore on preference in order to improve and enhance the quality of people’s lives. From literature reviews show that people like to have street trees. The beauty of trees comes from their shapes, colors, textures, flowering, and evergreen or deciduous attributes. Among them, seasonal changes of plants catch people’s eyes. The purpose of this study is to understand influence of different planting combinations with seasonal changes on users’ preference. “Computer graphics and 3D modeling techniques” were used to make three types of animation films - one tree species without seasonal changes, one tree species with seasonal changes, and different tree species with seasonal changes. The driving speed in these films was 40km/hr or 60km/hr. The environmental background was urban or rural. A five-point Likert scale was used to assess preference of undergraduate students who were majored in landscape architecture. There were 463 valid samples. The results show that no matter what the environment background and driving speed are, “one tree species with seasonal changes” is the most preferable option. It means that drivers prefer monoculture plantations which is uniform and with seasonal changes. “One tree species with seasonal changes” and “different tree species with seasonal changes”’ are much more preferred in the urban background. However, “one tree species with seasonal changes” is preferred in rural background. Therefore, it is recommended to increase urban street trees’ species variability and seasonal changes. In rural areas with more naturalness, the planting configuration guidelines should be simple and with seasonal changes.