高蛋白飲食對身體組成影響之評論

Effect of A High-Protein Diet on Body Composition

蛋白質是人體不可或缺的營養素，主要是由碳、氫、氧、氮四種主要元素和硫、磷、鐵、碘、 銅等無機元素所組合而成的複雜化合物。蛋白質的基本單位如胺基是人體可以自行合成的，但也 有一部份是無法人體自行合成的，必須經由食物中來攝取。蛋白質雖非身體主要的能量來源，卻 在身體肌肉與組織中扮演重要角色，參與肌肉的生成、代謝及修補作用，這是蛋白質在人體內最重要的功能，也是其他的營養素無法取代的。「身體組成」是指各組織佔全身的比例，常應用於 評估健康、運動能力及健康體適能的依據。近年來許多文獻針對運動、飲食控制及身體組成的影響進行探討。其中，高蛋白飲食對於身體組成的改變已被證實有最直接的影響。另一方面，高蛋 白飲食也經常使用在體重控制上，其作用於增加飽食感而減少其他食物的攝取、產生攝食產熱效 應與提高基礎代謝率、促進肌肉合成。此外，高蛋白飲食搭配飲食控制，可保持身體適當的脂肪百分比，且對身體組成具有顯著的改變，故本篇文獻回顧將介紹攝取高蛋白飲食對於身體組成變 化之影響。

Protein is the body of essential nutrients, mainly made of a complex compound consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, phosphorus, iron, iodine, copper and other inorganic elements. The basic unit of a protein, such as amine groups can be synthesized, but there are also a part of the human body can't synthesized and must be ingested through foods. Proteins, involved in muscle growth, metabolism and repair, are essential nutrients for the human body. However, it is not the major energy source for the body but the main components of muscle and tissue which play important roles for physiological and functional activities. Recently, there are many studies focused on body composition which could be applied to evaluate the health status, physical fitness, and exercise performance. The previous reports tried to figure out the effects of exercise and nutrition on body composition and the results showed the intake of high proportion protein could directly alter the body composition. In additions, the high protein diet was also used for weight management due to physiological effects, such like satiety increase, thermogenesis enhancement, and energy expenditure efficiency. Therefore, the high protein diet exhibited regulatory role on body composition and it is an important issues for proper diet management, fat percentage maintenance, and health promotion. This paper will review the impacts of high protein diet on body composition.