以社會建構與社會化觀點對學童早餐飲食行為模式之質性探討

The Research of Children's Behavior Models for Breakfast: A Social Construction and Socialization Approach

社會建構觀點有子女於社會化過程中會複製父母的習性或習慣，飲食行為透過個人生命社會化歷程而建構。早餐是一天最重要的一餐，規律吃早餐對健康有許多助益，與學童認知、學習、情緒、精神、專注、出席和成績等均有關聯，甚至可預防成老年期慢性病，故不論國內外，學童早餐飲食行為都是非常重要的議題。父母在學童飲食行為養成過程中扮演重要的角色，尤其母親在兒童成長發育階段佔有非常重要的地位。本研究以社會建構及社會化理論概念，探討國小學童及其母親的早餐飲食行為模式，採質性研究設計，立意取樣某國小六對高年級學童及其母親，進行半結構深度訪談，研究結果以母親社會建構及兒童社會化為正負構面，形成「健康實踐」、「挑剔偏食」、「無所適從」及「縱容飲食」四種早餐飲食行為型態；並討論母親早餐飲食行為對學童早餐攝取的影響，及提出加強家庭親職及學校之早餐健康飲食營養教育等建議。

According to the social constructionism, children usually copy the habits of their parents in the socialization process. Dietary behaviors are constructed by personal life history. Breakfast is considered to be the most important meal of the day. Eating breakfast regularly is beneficial for health, and also related to cognition, learning, emotion, spirit, attention, attendance and achievement of the children. Moreover, it could prevent people from getting chronic diseases. No matter domestic and international, children's behavior for breakfast is an important issue. Parents, especially mothers, play important roles in the development of children’s dietary behavior. This study explored the behavior model for breakfast of elementary school students and their mothers through a qualitative design by the concept of social construction and socialization. Semi-structured interview with six children and their mothers based on purposive sampling was applied. Four behavior models for breakfast were found, including ＂health practice＂, ＂picky eclipse＂, ＂confused＂ and ＂connivance＂. The study also discussed the influence of mothers’ behaviors for breakfast on that of their children. At last, the study suggested that the breakfast nutrition education for families and schools should be strengthened.