都會區及鄉鎮區醫院護理人員之職業疲勞相關因素探討

Factors Associated with Occupational Burnout among Nursing Staff in the Urban and Rural Hospitals

本研究目的乃比較都會區及鄉鎮區醫院護理人員之個人特性和工作特性與職業疲勞的相關性。採用自填式問卷的橫斷性調查，方便取樣於南部二個區域教學醫院進行收素，樣本數總共472位。收案期間為2015年1月份，收案條件為該院服務6個月以上者，且需輪夜班護理人員。研究結果顯示，都會區醫院占272人（58%），鄉鎮區醫院有200人（42%）。都會區醫院護理人員的工作時間、睡眠時間、工作負荷、主管支持和就業缺乏保障等因素，可解釋42%職業疲勞變異量。鄉鎮區醫院護理人員的工作負荷、就業缺乏保障和職場正義等因素，可解釋43%職業疲勞變異量。研究結果提供護理主管針對不同的相關因素模式，提出降低職業疲勞的不同策略。未來研究可採縱貫性研究，監測職業疲勞變化。

The aim of the study was to compare the relationship of job characteristics and occupational burnout of nurses between urban and rural hospitals. This was a cross-sectional study using the self-administered questionnaire on a convenience sample. Data collection was conducted on January 2015 in two regional hospitals in southern Taiwan. We surveyed 472 nurses who worked in shifts for 6 months or more. We enrolled 272 (58%) participants from the urban and 200 (42%) from the rural hospital. In the urban hospital, the associated factors were working hours per week, sleep hours, smoking status, work demand, job insecurity, and supervisor support, accounted for 42% variance of burnout. In the rural hospital, the associated factors were work demand, job insecurity, and workplace justice, accounted for 43% variance of burnout. According to the results, we recommend nursing administration to develop a variety of strategies to reduce work burnout in different hospitals. Future research will focus on the longitudinal design to monitor the change of nurses’ occupational burden across time.