數位資料及附帶搜索－－以行動電話內的資訊為例

Search Incident to Lawful Arrest and Digital Data

在通訊科技日益普及的今日，行動電話已經幾乎是每人身上都會攜帶的通訊設備。因此，警察在拘捕後，多半可以在被拘捕人身上或鄰近的處所發現其所使用的行動電話。因為行動電話是高度個人性的裝置，儲存有大量私密資訊，所以往往成為警察在偵查時所欲查看的對象。在我國，行動電話內的資訊應不屬於通保法所稱的「通訊」，警察檢視電話內訊息的行為，應屬搜索。在拘捕後，能不能依據附帶搜索的規範，無令狀地檢閱被拘捕人的行動電話，遂成為關鍵重要的問題。由於檢視儲存於行動電話內訊息不可能構成任何危險，扣押電話，並佐以其他措施也就足以保全證據，再加上行動電話內含有大量極為個人私密的資訊，所以應認行動電話內的資訊沒有附帶搜索的適用。警察必須要獲有法官所核發的搜索票，才能夠查看於被拘捕人身上所發現的行動電話內的訊息。

Nowadays, communication technology is more and more accessible to people. Almost everyone carries mobile phones with himself/herself. Therefore, after arrest, the police may find a mobile phone from the person of the arrestee or the place within his/her immediate control. Mobile phones are usually the target of the police's investigation because mobile phones are highly personal devices containing very much confidential information. According to the current legal framework, the information stored in a mobile phone does not constitute ＂communication＂ defined by the Communication Protection and Surveillance Law. The reading of the information stored in a mobile constitutes a search within the meaning of the Criminal Procedure Code. Therefore, whether the police may warrantlessly search the information stored in a mobile phone after arrest according to the doctrine of search incident to lawful arrest is the material and main question. Search incident to lawful arrest does not apply to the information stored in a mobile phone because that information constitutes no danger to the law enforcement officers, and seizure of a mobile phone and other necessary measures are sufficient to preserve evidence. In addition, a mobile phone usually contains much personal and private information. The police have to obtain a warrant issued by a judge before reading the information stored in a mobile phone found in the person of the arrestee.