過度教育與產業生產力－－以二欄位製造業為例

Overeducation and Industrial Productivity: Evidence from Two-Digit Manufacturing Industries

本文主要使用1998 年至2000 年與2002 年至2005 年的「工廠校正暨營運調查」與「人力運用調查」，評估過度教育對產業生產力的淨效果。本文採取動態追蹤資料聯立模型的估計方式，試圖解決因遺漏變數、產業生產力狀態相依的現象，以及產業生產力與人力資本相關變數（包括過度教育年數、職需教育年數與低度教育年數）兩者決定的同時性等來源所造成的內生性的問題。實證結果顯示過度教育對產業生產力的影響主要係展現於200 人以上的大型企業，以及年輕的勞動者身上：年輕勞工平均的過度教育年數每增加一年，則大企業的每人營收將因而提升15.72% 至31.46%。

This paper uses the 1998-2000 and 2002-2005 waves of Factory Adjustment and Operation Surveys and Manpower Utilization Surveys to estimate the net effects of overeducation on industrial productivity. We primarily apply the dynamic system GMM estimator to control for time-invariant unobserved industry characteristics, simultaneity issues and dynamics in the adjustment process of productivity. The findings present an effect of overeducation on productivity in big-scale enterprises and for young workers. The estimates show that an additional year of overeducation among young workers increases sales per worker in big-scale enterprises by 15.72%-31.46%.