意思表示的解釋規則論

Review on Interpretation Rules of Declaration of Will of General Principles of Civil Code

《民法總則草案》設計的意思表示解釋規則，可圈可點，但也有需要完善之處。解釋有相對人的意思表示也要同時顧及表意人，應區分相對人為特定人與相對人為不特定的多數人的情形而設置有所差異的解釋規則，視意思表示的不同類型而分別確定以“主觀”意義為准還是以“客觀”意義為准，視格式條款與普通條款的不同而設計有所區別的規則。應增設以法律的任意性規範、可推斷的意思表示、補充（性）解釋的解釋規則以及沉默表示著何種意思的解釋規則。

Interpretation rules of declaration of will of General Principles of Civil Code (Draft) are remarkably stipulated, but need to be perfected. Interpretation on the counterpart's meaning will also take into account the declaring person, and should be divided into two different situations: the counterpart is specific and unspecific. Declaration of will may be interpreted by 'subjective' meaning or 'objective' meaning according to different types of declaration. Interpretation rules shall be different to the standard terms and general terms. In addition, the interpretation rules should be reinforced by the default rules, deducible declaration of will, supplementary interpretation and silent declaration of will.