臺灣制憲運動的回顧與展望──以民主進步黨為中心

Reviews and Prospects of Taiwan Constitution-making Movement: Focusing on Democratic Progressive Party

臺灣制憲運動的目標，在以臺灣為範圍制定新的憲法，而意欲透過公民投票的集體行動和全新的憲法文本，實現臺灣政治共同體的構想，同時將中國大陸排除在臺灣憲法秩序之外。當代臺灣制憲運動興起於蔣經國解除臺灣戒嚴之際，而於李登輝推動憲政改革之時臻於高峰，卻在臺灣實現總統民選後趨於消沉，原因在於普遍認為臺灣已經事實獨立，再透過制憲來確認臺灣獨立之主權，並無必要。二零零零年政黨輪替執政後，修憲程序先改由任務型國民大會代表複決，二零零五年再改由公民複決，在臺灣人民集體實踐國民主權、創造臺灣憲法新秩序的意義上，修憲與制憲已幾無差別。然而，由於存在極難跨越的修憲複決門檻，憲法文本的變動，除非國、民兩黨具有共識，並且共同發動支持者給予投票支持，否則極難實現。因而在正常情況下，未來臺灣的憲法變遷，將更加依賴於憲法解釋、憲法性法律與憲政慣例。

The target of Taiwan Constitution-making Movement is to fulfill the idea of Taiwan political community through the people’s collective action as holding a plebiscite and making a whole new edition of constitution which is based on Taiwan only, excluding mainland China. Contemporary Taiwan Constitution-making Movement had risen at the time when Chiang Ching-kuo declared to cease the martial order and developed to the high tide when Lee Tung-hui pushed constitutional reform. But when Taiwan’s president had been elected directly by all Taiwan people, Taiwan Constitution-making Movement went to calm down. The reason most of people think of is Taiwan has become a de facto independent sovereignty. It is not necessary to affirm Taiwan sovereignty independent by constitution-making. Since the switch of ruling parties in 2000, the procedure of amending constitution had been changed as to be determined by the ad hoc National Assembly and by referendum in 2005. Regarding the meaning of Taiwan people’s collectively practicing popular sovereignty and creating a new constitutional order, up to now, there is almost no difference between constitution-amending and constitutionmaking.