有關老人日間照顧中心空間構成與設備特徵之研究－－以台中市九家日照中心為例

A Study on the Spatial Arrangement and Equipments of Day Service Center for the Elderly-- By Cases of Nine DSCs at Taichung City

老人日間照顧中心讓老人們一起參與活動、延緩老化，減輕子女照顧的重擔，促進老人生活自立，透過各項活動的安排以達到社會化需求，達到活躍老化（active aging）的目的。「老人日間照顧中心」的設置是落實「在地老化」與「社區照顧」理念的重要一環，對高齡化比率達12％以上的台灣，未來日間照顧中心扮演著重要的居家支援功能。本研究從使用者屬性、照顧模式、空間構成三者相互連動的角度出發，採用個案調查進行實證研究，探討不同收托類型及照顧模式之老人日間照顧中心的空間構成（空間類別與用途屬性、面積大小、設備狀況）、動線配置（平面配置、垂直和水平動線構成等）與設備的特徵與差異，並檢視老人日間照顧中心中不同種類空間和設備層面的問題點。研究結果發現：(1)由公有建築閒置空間修繕改建的日照中心，整體面積較寬敞且方正，具備基礎的無障礙環境考量；相對的，租用或自購私有建物進行修繕的案例，在空間面積大小、移動動線、浴廁管線及消防避難逃生方面的問題點較多；(2)不論採單元照顧或集體照顧模式，八成以上案例屬於失能+失智的混合收托類型，但多數調查案例都是同一單元的成員、長時間處在同一空間、進行相同活動，缺乏不同情境、氛圍等多元場所的選擇與創造；(3)每人平均樓地板面積個案差異非常大（6.6～21.1m2），雖符合法規標準，但由於不同性質空間的配置比例差異，嚴重影響空間使用性能。建議法規針對老人日照中心「日常活動空間」面積大小加以檢討和規範，始能確保日照中心的生活及服務品質。

In order to carry out the ideal of 'aging in place' and continuing the old living style of the elderly in community, Day Service for the elderly is anticipated to cost down the long-term care cost and prolongs the lifespan of the elderly to live in community. So the spatial arrangement and circulation of DSC for the elderly is a critical task to being implemented community-base care in the future. We carried out evident-based research by case-study with staff of DSC for the elderly in Taichung City, including space usage and function, amount, area and equipment, for analyzing the differences and characteristics and equipments among nine DSCs on the spatial arrangement and circulation. As the result, we have found: (1) the DSCs which renovated from public building, space are upright and foursquare with basic barrier-firee consideration, otherwise, which from private building, the measure of area are little with poor line pipe of toilet and with more problems at public safety and circulation; (2) No matter the care concept is unit-care or mixed care, more than 80% of DSCs are mixed care type, the elderly, long time with the same group at same place, do the same activity, lacking supply the choice possibility of different activity and space. ; (3) The Ministry of Interior only have the specification of DSC for the elderly from 'floor area should be more than 6.6 square meters per person.' But multi-purpose room is the main place for the elderly doing daily activity at DSC, we suggest it should to review the less limit amount 'daily activity space of per person' in the future.