重返社區之路：會所模式中的過渡性就業

The Road Back to the Community: Transitional Employment under the Clubhouse Model

「過渡性就業」是會所獨有的就業服務形式，以臺灣的樂奇會所為田野，研究者就此服務方案有三個提問：（1）過渡性就業的實質內涵為何？（2）會員的使用經驗如何？（3）過渡性就業對會所的意涵？並採取質性研究典範中的參與觀察與深度訪談蒐集資料，研究者從2012 年開始參與會所的工作日、就業晚餐以及醫院傳送過渡性就業職場，前後達15 個月；訪談之有效樣本包含2 位主管、1 位外聘督導、5 位工作人員、及8 位曾在過渡性就業正式上線的會員。最後則以「過渡性就業的實質內涵：彈性擺盪」、「會員的使用經驗：嘗試就是成功」、「過渡性就業對會所的意涵：建立精障社群」分別回應研究提問。研究結果發現，過渡性就業的確能為會員帶來正向的經驗，但受限於外部資源不利於會所模式發展，過渡性就業亦未能得到充分支持，因此建立精障社群的意涵目前並未充分發揮。文末進一步討論就業服務能否回到精障者的主體需要，避免僅成為再製合格公民的工具，這也是會所運動需要持續反思的議題。

Transitional Employment (TE) is a unique form of employment services. With Lerchi Clubhouse in Taiwan as the study field, three questions were proposed by the researcher: First, what was TE? Second, what was the user experience of the clubhouse members in TE? Third, what was the implication of TE to the clubhouse community? With the qualitative research paradigm, participant observation and in-depth interviews were used to collect data. The researcher had participated in Lerchi Clubhouse's work-ordered days, employment dinners, and the TE workplace in the hospital for 15 months since 2012. Two mangers, one external supervisor, and five staff from the service, as well as eight online members who obtained employment through the TE service were interviewed as effective samples. Three research findings emerged as follows. The essence of TE was flexible entrance and exit. Experience of the members was characterized by ＂to try is to succeed.＂ The implication of TE to the clubhouse was establishing community for people with mental illness. It was found that although TE provided its members with positive experiences, due to the fact that external resources disfavored the Clubhouse model, TE also had not been adequately supported. Therefore, the community for people with mental illness had not been fully realized. In order not to become just a tool to reproduce functional citizens, employment services must constantly reconsider the principle need of people with mental illness, which the Clubhouse as a social movement must continue to reflect on.