遊民政策與服務的意識形態

Ideologies of Homeless Policy and Service

本研究主要是藉由兩年多的田野研究過程中，透過深度訪談法進行相關資料收集，深入探討社政人員在從事遊民福利方案規劃與社會工作人員在提供遊民服務過程之經驗，反思我國遊民福利政策背後隱含的福利意識及其服務模式凸顯的社會意義。整體研究資料收集從2005年到2006年持續約一年半左右，共訪問了32位社政與社工人員包括：八縣市社會局共14位社政人員，及六個遊民收容所、一個就業輔導站與四個街友關懷中心共18位社會工作人員。研究結果發現：雖然我國遊民福利已經逐漸由社會控制轉移為殘補福利，但是受到主流社會對遊民的刻板印象與選舉政治生態影響，遊民仍舊被排除在社會救助的邊緣；做為遊民福利的代言者，社會工作人員在提供服務過程明顯的有難與權力抗衡的現象，社會工作人員在提供服務過程也經常陷入個人與專業價值的兩難。針對當前遊民福利制度與服務模式提出幾項建議：（一）增強社工人員對底層社會的文化敏感度與權力結構批判能力；（二）建構以遊民為主體、強調充權理念的遊民服務模式；（三）結合社區資源建立具有地方特色的遊民服務方案；（四）回歸以個人為主體的社會救助資格審查原則；及（五）建立遊民的差別待遇處遇原則與服務模式。

This study, based on two years field experience, is intended to explore social workers' experiences of providing welfare services for homelessness. The results of this study based on field experiences and in-depth interviews with 32 social workers reveal the prevailing image of stigmatizing homelessness and marginalization of their welfare rights. And then, the author makes suggestions for future feasible direction and strategy in the homeless welfare system and service delivery as follows: First enhance social workers' cultural awareness and the ability for analyzing the power structure. Second, establish client-centered service models and empower homeless people. Third, integrate community resources to build local service programs for homelessness. Fourth, rebuild a new principle of eligibility for homeless services. Fifth, provide services based on the principle of difference.