嘉義縣市大學生智慧型手機成癮及其相關因素研究

Smartphone addiction and related factors among university students in Chiayi County

本研究旨在探討嘉義縣市大學生智慧型手機成癮行為之相關因素，運用Fishbein（1980）的理性行動論及Bandura（1986）的自我效能理論來討論並驗證。研究對象為嘉義縣市102學年度大學院校在學學生，採分層集束抽樣，有效樣本431份，本研究分析結果如下：一、智慧型手機使用行為信念、結果評價及規範信念會因外在變項的水準不同而有顯著差異；依從動機則未有顯著差異。二、研究對象智慧型手機成癮行為會因年級、自覺心理健康狀況及使用時間長短不同而有顯著差異。三、智慧型手機使用行為信念暨結果評價相乘積和與行為態度、規範信念暨依從動機之相乘積和與主觀規範均呈顯著正相關。四、低拒癮自我效能，正向智慧型手機使用態度、支持性主觀規範，智慧型手機成癮分數越高。五、年級、自覺心理健康狀態及使用時間，可解釋智慧型手機成癮行為總變異量14.2%，投入態度及主觀規範，解釋總變異量提升5.4%，加入拒癮自我效能，可解釋總變異量達29.1%。上述變項可有效預測智慧型手機成癮行為

This study aimed to explore the elements related to the smart phone addiction of the university students in Chiayi County and Chiayi City. The data were analysed with the theory of reasoned action (TRA) proposed by Fishbein and the self-efficacy theory by Bandura. The research subjects were the university students enrolled in school year 2014 from both national and private universities in Chiayi County and Chiayi City. This research adopted stratified and cluster samplings, and obtained 431 valid samples. The major findings of this study were described as follows: 1. Subjects’ behavioural beliefs, outcome evaluation, and normative beliefs of the important others to use smart phones had significant differences depending on the extraneous variables; but there were no significant differences in subjects’ motivations to comply with the normative beliefs depending on the extraneous variables. 2. Subjects’ smart phone addiction had a significant difference depending on the extraneous variables, especially in year of college, self-perceived mental health, and time of using smart phone every day. 3. The multiplication outcome of subjects’ behavioural beliefs and outcome evaluation in using smart phone had a significant positive relation to the attitude of using smart phone; the multiplication outcome of the important others’ normative beliefs and subjects’ compliance motivations had a significant positive relation to the subjective norm of using smart phone. 4. The lower subjects’ self-efficacy in addiction cessation, the higher the tendency to the smart phone addiction. The more positive in attitude of using smart phone and in the important others’ normative beliefs to use smart phone, the higher the tendency to the smart phone addiction. 5. To predict a smart phone addiction from the extraneous variables “year of college,” “self-perceived mental health,” and “time of using smart phone everyday,” the total variance explained was 14.2%. When the important variables of TRA “attitude” and “subjective norm” were included, the total variance explained increases 5.4% to 19.6%. When the variable of self-efficacy in addiction cessation was included, the total variance explained increases 9.5% to 29.1%. A smartphone addiction was able to be effectively predicted from subjects’ extraneous variables,attitude in using smart phone, the important others’ normative beliefs in using smart phone, and self-efficacy in addiction cessation.