馬來西亞華語舌冠音的構音研究：特究其「非典型」噝擦音的可能來源

Articulatory Characteristics of the Coronal Consonants in Malaysian Mandarin: With Special Reference to the Non-＂Canonical＂ Sibilants

本研究旨在調查馬來西亞（檳城）華語舌冠音的構音特徵，特別著眼於噝擦音的「非典型」發音性質。主要研究結果臚列於下：（一）塞音d 的顎位遍及齒齦(dentialveolar) 和齒槽 (alveolar) 兩區，舌位則包括舌尖和舌葉；（二）擦音 s、sh 和塞擦音 z、zh 發音部位大致相同，皆為舌葉齒槽音；（三）擦音 x 有兩個語音變體，分別為典型的齒槽音 [c] 和位置偏前的齒齦舌音[c]；（四）塞擦音 j 的接觸面積較大，為一舌尖面音，碰觸齒齦及齒槽兩區。本研究另外發現 x 的語音變體基本上由環境制約：在馬來西亞（檳城）華語中，引發顎化現象的前高母音及介音 [i, j] 常與非典型、偏前變體 [c] 相拼，而典型變體 [c] 則多出現於其它環境。本文認為該現象很有可能是語言接觸後的音變結果。

This study is an articulatory investigation of the coronal consonants in Malaysian Mandarin, with special reference to the non-＂canonical＂ realization of the sibilants. Our principal findings are: (i) d is apico-laminal dentialveolo-alveolar [t], (ii) s and sh are mostly laminal alveolar [s], and z, zh are the same as those of the corresponding fricatives, (iii) x has two phonetic variants: laminal alveolar [c] (＂canonical＂) and laminal (denti-)alveolar [c] (non-＂canonical＂, fronted), and (iv) j, as compared to z and zh, has a wider midsagittal contact, i.e., apical dentialveoloalveolar [tc]. Another important new finding is that the two variants of x are contextually conditioned. Specifically, the high front vowel [i] and the palatal glide [j] often co-occur with the non-＂canonical＂, fronted x (i.e., [c]), while the ＂canonical＂ [c] is found elsewhere. The phenomenon in question is attributable to language contactinduced sound change.