當滑膛槍與武士刀心手相連：重探《傲慢與偏見與殭屍》中的雜揉政治與女性主體

When Muskets Join Forces with Katanas:Revisiting the Politics of Hybridity and Female Subjectivity in Pride and Prejudice and Zombies

本文以賽斯‧葛雷恩──史密斯（Seth Grahame-Smith）的混搭小說《傲慢與偏見與殭屍》為出發探討當今西方流行文化對於女性主體所採取的新規訓策略。相較於自由人本主義將自我與它者清楚區分的主體建構模式，當今女性主體建構則以雜揉化為基礎悅納異己，並以此形構自我主體。然而，從後殖民和性別政治的角度來看，以悅納異己作為女性主體培力的策略仍指向了許多問題：如此以西方、白人、中產階級、異性戀價值為中心的雜揉女性主體在尋求培力的過程中是否犧牲了怪物和亞洲它者？該雜揉女性主體成功吸納它者的機制為何？這些它者又是如何被選擇、吸併、以及代現？而這是否指向了一種以「文化雜揉」而非「文化純種性」為中心的新形態規訓策略？本文擬以《傲慢與偏見與殭屍》為出發進一步深化上述問題。文章分為兩部分。第一部份探討好萊塢化、雜揉、與女性主體之間複雜的關聯性與張力。第二部分則藉由探討小說中身體疆界、怪物化、以及亞洲因素來凸顯雜揉主體政治的限制。

This paper takes Pride and Prejudice and Zombies, a mash-up novel by Seth Grahame- Smith, as a point of departure to discuss a new disciplinary mechanism of contemporary female subjectivity in Western popular culture. Contrary to the liberal humanist model of subjectivity constructed by a clear-cut boundary between Self and Other, this new model of female subjectivity adopts the strategy of hybridization that incorporates the Other into its constitution. At first sight, this strategy seems to be subversive of the liberal humanist conception of subjectivity. However, the attempt to adopt hybridization as a strategy for female empowerment still begs the question as to the political efficacy in terms of gender and postcolonial politics: to what extent is this paradigm of hybrid femininity empowering women, here defined as Western, white, middle-class, and heterosexual, at the expense of the monstrous and Asian Others? What kind of mechanism is there for this hybrid femininity to successfully incorporate these Others? And how, exactly, are these Others selected, incorporated, and represented? Does this inclusion point to a new form of domination and cultural imperialism based on “cultural hybridity” instead of “cultural purity”? This paper aims to explore the above questions by analyzing Seth Grahame-Smith’s Pride and Prejudice and Zombies. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part explores the vexed relationship between Hollywoodization, hybridity, and female subjectivity. The second part follows the theoretical discussion and analyzes the limitation of “hybridity” by looking at the interlocking of body boundary, monsterization, and the Asia factor in the novel.