理想與現實：唐代墓室壁畫中的天象圖研究

Historical Texts Vs Archeological Facts: A Study of Celestial Images in Tomb Murals of the Tang Period

考古發現的成果，經常與文獻中的記載有很大的出入：不僅在禮儀制度、葬俗上經常出現難以解釋的情形，有時就連墓葬中看似具有科學意義的文物，也可能與當時的科學發展不一致。根據文獻，唐代的天文學者已能繪製詳細星圖，且僅有高等級才能使用天文題材裝飾墓室。但考古發現卻顯示：唐代有許多墓葬飾有抽象的天象圖，而這些天文圖幾乎不具科學價值。它們與當時天文學的關係為何？壁畫題材能反映階級制度嗎？如何詮釋文獻與考古的矛盾之處？本文將以唐代壁畫墓中的天象圖為例，探討考古發現、喪葬文獻以及科學發展史的關係。

In comparison with literatures, archaeological discoveries always show some differences. Not only for ritual system and funeral custom, but also for archaeological materials which seem embodied scientific significance according to ancient texts. As literature shows, astronomers of the Tang period have already been able to make a detailed star map, and these images could only appear in tomb mural paintings of the high status. However, already many abstract star maps with scarcely any scientific value have been unearthed from Tang tombs. What is the relationship between these pictures and the scientific astronomical images ? Could tomb mural themes reflect hierarchy of the grave owner? How do we explain the differences between ancient texts and archaeological remains? In order to explore the interaction among images, literatures and astronomy, this study will focus on the celestial images in Tomb Mural Paintings of the Tang period.