三個臺語詞「金鴨」、「金仔」、「金馬」的語音表徵分析

PHONETIC REPRESENTATIONS OF THREE KIM WORDS

本文以 Goldsmith (1976) 所提出的自主音段音韻學架構分析三個臺語詞彙「金鴨」、「金仔」、「金馬」 的語音表徵形式。由語音聲學、發音、及聽覺感知分析結果顯示， 三詞彙 [m] 時長在統計上呈現顯著性差異。然而，莫拉理論在應用上卻有其侷限性；它或許可解釋日語詞 kita[ki(μ)][ ta(μ)] 與 kitta[ki t(μ)(μ)][ ta(μ)] 的時長差異，卻無法解釋臺語詞「金仔」 [ki m(μ)ma(μ)] 與「金馬」 [ki m(μ)][ ma(μ)] 的時長差異。 因此本文乃提出連音「二空缺」及「雙向同化規則」來解釋此時長差異，即：時長差異乃導因於不同韻律單位的語音轉折，因此三詞彙的 [m] 時長差異即為「金鴨」 [ki m][ ʔaʔ] vs.「金仔」 [kim ma a] vs.「金馬」 [kim] mm [ ma]。

This paper examines the phonetic representations of the three Taiwanese words kim aʔ 'golden duck', kim a 'gold', and kim ma 'place name' under the autosegmental framework (Goldsmith 1976). In accordance with the acoustic, articulatory, and perceptual analyses, the durational differences of the three [m]s across the three words have been shown to be different. However, the moraic theory may be limited to the contrast of the three words (e.g., [kim(μμ)ma(μ)] 'gold' vs. [kim(μμ)][ma(μ)] 'place name') though it may be applicable to only the contrast of [CV(μ)][CV(μ)] (Japanese kita 'arrived') vs. [CVC(μ)(μ)][CV(μ)] (kitta 'sliced'). As a result, the double-empty slots (xx-slots) and the bidirectional assimilation rule are proposed to explain such disparity. In my proposal, I state that the length differences are attributed to phonetic transition across different prosodic boundaries; the durational contrast of the consonant [m] therefore can explicitly be observed from the surface forms of [kim][ʔaʔ] 'golden duck' vs. [kim ma a] 'gold' vs. [kim] mm[ma] 'place name'.