論澎湖西嶼新發現之「皇明洪門楊氏」墓

On the Recently Discovered ＂Huang Ming Hong Men Yang Shi＂ Tomb in Xiyu, Penghu

明代保留至今的墓在澎湖及台灣本島相當稀少。在澎湖西嶼發現一個可能為明代女性的墓洪氏之墓，若這塊墓碑上所刻的日期正確，此發現將提供民族學家及歷史學家洞察17世紀時祖先所使用的材料、定位、文體選擇、測量及建築等面向。然而，此古墓所透露的具體細節相當少，幾乎都已被侵蝕至無法辨讀，再加上同一時期的古墓幾乎都已消失殆盡。此研究旨致力於透過比較相同時代台灣及澎湖之墓碑，確認此洪門楊氏之墓設立於鄭氏時代之機率。洪氏家族的墓碑也已經過實地考察、拍攝，並針對其方位、大小、形狀等資訊進行歸檔。透過數位化的保存方式，我們更意識到了早期研究中的知識缺口，促使我們盡可能地重新記錄、歸檔這些墓碑以補足先前不足的資訊區塊。透過數位化紀錄，這樣具有一致性且系統性地記錄轉變，為台灣墓碑研究展開了新的序頁，使學者能更完善保存台灣歷史。此「洪門楊氏之墓」，透過本團隊的研究，因為其本身所設立的位置，方向及被沙子所掩埋，此墓得以完好地被保存，推測極為可能是鄭氏時代後期所保存下來之墓。

Ming tombs are particularly rare in Penghu and Taiwan. The island of Xiyu potentially contains one such tomb belonging to a woman with the surname Hong (洪). This tomb, if reliably dated, might give ethnographers and historians a special insight into the cultural practices of Penghu, and perhaps Taiwan, in the 17^(th) century through its material, carving, orientation, stylistic choices, measurements, and architecture. Details surrounding this tomb are scarce, however, as contemporary Ming tombs have eroded or been removed, this research seeks to situate the Hong tombstone into Zheng Era through a comparison with other temporally related tombstones in Penghu and Taiwan. Measurements of the Hong tombstone have been taken from site visits including its orientation, size, shape, material, character variants and placement. In our attempts to compare these data to previous digital and non-digital tombstone studies, we become aware of the many knowledge gaps that exist within earlier studies, which force us to re-document as many of these earlier findings as possible. The regularities and systematic shifts discovered in this digital documentation lend themselves to the establishment of new methods for tombstone research while digitally preserving a piece of Taiwanese history. We conclude on the basis of our comparison that the Hong tomb is very likely to be a construction of the late Zheng Era, and its well-preserved state is due to its location, orientation, and burial within the coastal sand dunes.