由「詩卷」到「總集」──元代士人交遊的文化表現

Recipient-oriented Poem Anthologies and Literati Social Interaction in the Yuan Dynasty

本文討論元代新出的一種總集類型︰收錄個人一生所得贈答酬唱詩文，姑稱為「酬贈總集」。這類總集收錄眾人之作，但選擇標準不在作者（挑選某一作者之某些作品），而在一個共同的特定受贈者。相對於單人詩文的別集，或眾人之作的精選，或數位作者彼此唱和的作品，是一種完全不同的編輯理念。本文首先將此一新類型放在唐宋以來總集發展的脈絡中觀察，其次則從當代的文化行為──「詩卷」──探討酬贈總集的出現，最後則以現存的《金蘭集》和《澹游集》為例，觀察詩卷與總集這兩種文化形式的表現。這類總集不算普遍，流傳下來的更少，然其出現實為元人社交活動長期發展的結果，是士人在交遊中形成其身分和社會形象的極致表現，亦可說是當時士人交遊文化的表徵，不當視之為一般唱和集而忽略其產生的文化背景。

The present article examines a new type of anthology, a collection of poems and / or essays one literatus received from his friends over his lifetime, that first appeared in the late Yuan (1206-1268). As anthology, it includes works from more than one author, but the organizing principle is not the author but the common recipient of the works. In contrast to the collected works of one single author, or the selected works of several authors, or the collection of ＂poem and response＂(changhe 唱和) poems among a few authors, it represents a completely different idea of compilation. The present article first examines this new form of anthology in the context of anthologies from the Six Dynasties on, then explains its appearance in the special Yuan culture of the ＂poem scroll,＂ and finally analyzes two extant anthologies of this new kind: Jinlan ji by Xu Dazuo (1333-1395) and Danyou ji by Shi Laifu (1319-1391). This article concludes that this new kind of anthology is a result of the development of literati social interaction in the Yuan, an ultimate expression of how literati formed their identity and image in ＂social writing.＂