自陳式老年性聽力缺損之篩檢工具

Self-Reported Age-Related Hearing Impairment Screening Tool

聽力缺損是老人常見的健康問題。臨床上需要簡易使用且準確度高的篩檢工具來協助醫療專業人員早期發現有聽力缺損的老人。本文介紹六種自陳式老年性聽力缺損的篩檢工具，包括：老人聽力障礙量表──篩檢版(Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly-Screening version, HHIE-S)、五分鐘聽力測驗 (Five-Minute Hearing Test FMHT)、合併嚴重感覺功能缺損訪談指引(Kombinert Alvorlig Sansesvikt-Screen, KAS-Screen)、言語、空間、品質聽覺量表五題版(Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale-5 item version, SSQ5)、單一問題(Single Question, SQ)、多題項問卷(Multiple Item Questionnaires, MO)，並介紹工具的發展、測量面向、計分方式、信效度與優缺點等。結果建議老人聽力障礙量表“篩檢版(HHIE-S)有良好信效度，適用於辨識中重度聽力缺損的老人。對於視力不佳或有輕微認知缺損的個案，則可利用單一問題(SQ)進行初步評估。

Hearing impairment is a common health problem for the elderly. Therefore, there is a need for simple but precise screening tool to assist health practitioners to make early identification of hearing impairment in older people. The aim of this article is to introduce six self-reported age-related hearing impairment screening tools, including Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly-Screening version(HHIE-S); Five-Minute Hearing Test(FMHT); Kombinert Alvorlig Sansesvikt-Screen(KAS-Screen); Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale-5 item version(SSQ5); single question(SQ); multiple item questionnaires(MQ). The authors describe these screening tools including development of the instrument, measurement of domains, scoring, reliability, validity, their advantages and disadvantages. It is suggested that the HHIE-S is a valid, reliable, and effective questionnaire for identifying moderate to severe hearing impairment. The single question is a useful tool specific for the subject who has poor vision or mild cognitive impairment.